U.S. IMMIGRATION REFORM EFFORTS SINCE 2013

Echoes of Ellis Island

Background (to date):
In June 2013, with support of then U.S. President Barack Obama, the U.S. Senate passed a bipartisan immigration "overhaul bill" which was more comprehensive than unsuccessful proposals of Obama's predecessor George W. Bush (who had sought "legal status over time" for undocumented immigrants, without another "blanket amnesty" as in 1986). The Republican controlled House of Representatives, however, did not act on the 2013 Senate bill.

In November 2014, Obama announced "deferred actions" enabling about half of undocumented immigrants to legally live and work in America. These measures, somewhat exceeding those exercised by prior presidents, and expanding on his 2012 DACA ("Dreamers") program, were blocked by court challenges. Addressing such objections to his actions in advance, Obama told Congress to "pass a bill" instead. There were, however, no further attempts at bipartisan migration policy overhaul during the remainder of his presidential term.

In 2016, Donald Trump declared his desire to "have Mexico pay" for building a "wall," or (later) "fences," on the U.S.-Mexico border. In September 2017, acting ahead of lawsuits by state attorneys-general, Trump's administration announced that DACA would end after six more months unless Congress formally extended it. A proposed "path to citizenship" for DACA recipients was included in the "Framework on Immigration Reform and Border Security" which later followed, but a moderate variant of it was narrowly blocked in the House of Representatives in June 2018.

The November 2018 election (when the Democratic Party got a majority of the House) was followed by the longest government shutdown in US history, and a new legislative package from the Trump Administration, including a three year extension of DACA and $5.7 mil. in border "wall" funding. In June 2019, the House instead passed the "Dream and Promise" act to provide "unauthorized migrants a path to citizenship," but the Senate did not take it up. In June 2020, the Supreme Court ruled that the Department of Homeland Security had not followed proper procedures in implimenting Trump's fall 2017 plan to end DACA.

General articles here below

Specific analyses, listed to the left* here, and in

Commentary section at bottom of this page

*Smartphone users see here, under "Migration today / US Immigration...", for links