Mass migration
as a travel business
Excerpts from the book
Drew Keeling, The Business of Transatlantic Migration
between Europe and the United States, 1900-1914
From INTRODUCTION
Migration flows by port, 1900-1914
Introduction: new focus on migration as a business (scroll down for it)
Introduction: America's ancestor immigrants of the peak years
From CHAPTERS TEXT (see list on downloadable pdf here)
Early 20th century North Atlantic core of the migration travel business
(scroll down for it on that page)
The economics of migrant travel on North Atlantic steamships
The North Atlantic Fare War of 1904
U.S. immigration policy (scroll down for it on that page)
Transit migration (scroll down page)
Panic of 1907 and ensuing recession: impact on migration, shipping lines
Titanic: the unthinkable disaster and unsinkable lower classes
Outbreak of World War I: entry of Britain as crucial turning point
(scroll down that page for it)
From APPENDICES
Voyage database created for the book (description)
Migration statistics reworked for the book
Average steerage fare, Europe to U.S.A., 1901-13
Shipping line financial data (North Atlantic, 1900-14)
Steerage passenger volumes by shipping line (1900-13)
(scroll down that page for it)
Book-related background data:
Ships carrying the most European migrants to America
Capacity challenge: capacity usage low and sharply fluctuating
Size and speed of ships from Europe to New York, 1873-1914